07-019
The Jüdisches Museum München
After a week of
intensive meetings, I finally had some free time on my last day in Munich.
After checking out, I headed to Marienplatz once again. This was my last chance
to get into the Jüdisches Museum München. The day was Friday. I arrived at the
museum at around 10am. I had my passport ready. But when I was just about to
walk into the museum, a guard stopped me from entering.
The Jüdisches Museum MünchenShe did not speak English. With my
very limited knowledge of German language, I merely understood that she was
trying to tell me backpacks were not allowed inside.
The nearby Ohel Jakob synagogueSo, what should I do with my
backpack? Should I go all the way back to the hotel, leave my backpack there
and come back again? Or should I just give up and change my plan to visit some
other place?
Candles outside the synagogueI approached the Jewish
Elementary school but the guard said they could not help. “You cannot leave
your bag here. Both buildings are Jewish but they are under different management.”
I walked back to the museum and
that time, another lady talked to me, in German again. She kept pointing to the
building on the other side of the road. I have seen that building in many
postcards before but did not know what it is. With nothing I could do, I walked
to the building and found that it was actually the Munich Stadtmuseum, or
Munich City Museum.
The Munich StadtmuseumTo many tourists, Munich City
Museum is the place to go. I like history. But I was more interested in the
Jewish culture in Munich than the city itself. I approached the ticket office
and told them that I wanted a ticket to the Jewish Museum only. They told me they
only had a combined ticket for both museums which costs €7 per person. Luckily, they let
me to leave my bag in their lockers.
After all those hurdles, I
finally managed to get into the Jewish Museum. The security guard was happy to
see that I had gotten everything sorted out.
The Jüdisches Museum München is
a four-story building. The entrance, the ticket office, the cafeteria and the
souvenir shop are on the ground floor. The permanent exhibition
“Voices_Places_Times. Jews in Munich” is in the basement. The two top floors
house changing exhibitions. At the time of my visit, it was hosting the exhibit
“Munich Displaced. The Surviving Remnant”.
The upper floors and half of the
permanent exhibition were focused on the holocaust. But I am going to skip this
part. I am more interested in the cultural side. The cultural exhibits were all
hosted in the basement, inside a small section called “Rituals”. Let me show
you what is inside.
The "Rituals" section inside the museumThe section is not large.
Inside, there is a glass shelf on the left and a white shelf on the right. 7
ceremonial objects, or Judaicas, were shown on the white shelf, each related to
one of the Jewish festivals.
From right to left, the first Judaica
is a Passover seder, a plate used in the Passover supper. Then comes the Purim
gragger, a noisy instrument to celebrate the Festival of Lots. The third
Judaica is a Hanukkah menorah, or candle stand. The fourth one is a Torah scroll
in miniature size. The fifth one is a shofar, or a ram’s horn, for celebrating
the Rosh Hashanah (New Year) and Yom Kipper (the Day of Atonement). The sixth
Judaica is a Torah pointer. The last Judaica is a spice box, used at the
beginning of the Shabbat.
The Passover seder
relives the enslavement and subsequent exodus from Egypt. The celebration
begins with an evening holiday feast, the seder (“order”), that follows a
defined ritual, during which specific food such as maror is eaten, which
symbolizes the bitterness of slavery in Egypt. At the center of the Seder night
is the reading of the Pesach haggadah, which tells of the escape from slavery.
“With bitter herbs they
shall eat it.” 2nd Book of Moses 12:8
Purim, the Festival of
Lots, commemorates the deliverance of Persian Jews from extermination. By means
of a lot, Haman had specified the day on which all Jews were to be killed. The
plot however was foiled by Queen Esther. The story of their being saved is recorded
in the Book of Esther or the Megillah which is read in synagogues during the
Purim celebration. Whenever the name of the wicked Haman is mention ed in the
reading, considerable noise is made by rattling or using a Purim “gragger”
(noisemaker).
“And that these days of
Purim should never fall into disuse among the Jews.” Esther 9:28
Hanukkah, the Festival
of Dedication, marks the rededication of the Temple after the successful revolt
of the Maccabees in 164 B.C.E. According to legend, only one small container of
oil for the menorah was found in the Temple that would have been sufficient for
just one day, buy, miraculously, the oil burned for eight days. On each of the
festival’s eight nights, one of the lights on the Hanukkah menorah is lit,
until on the final night all eight lights burn at the same time.
“Men of insight – eight
days established for song and jubilation.” From the traditional Hanukkah song
Maoz tzur
The religious beliefs
and values of Judaism have been recorded in various writings, in which the laws
and teachings are codified and interpreted. Of central importance is the Torah
(“teaching”). Revealed by God to the People of the Israel on Mount Sinai. As a
revelation and a form of instruction. The Five Books of Moses (Pentateuch)
contain the story of the exodus from Egypt as well as the Commandments. For use
in synagogues, Torah scrolls are handwritten in ink on parchment by a trained
sofer (“scribe”).
“And the ears of all the
people were attentive to the Book of the Law.” Nehemia 8:3
The shofar is blown
during religious ceremonies at Rosh Hashanah (New Year) and Yom Kippur (the Day
of Atonement) as an invitation to personal reflection. Its sound is reminiscent
of the trumpets played at the revelation of the Torah on Mount Sinai. In Israel,
it is also blown on special secular occasions such as at the induction of a new
president.
“It is a day of blowing
the horn unto you.” 4th Book of Moses 29:1
The writing on a Torah
roll is not supposed to be touched. For this reason, those reading the Torah to
the congregation use a pointer so as not to lose their place. Boys are allowed
to read the Torah out loud in the synagogue for the first time when they are
thirteen; girl – although only in non-Orthodox congregations – when they are
twelve. They then become “sons of the commandment” (bar mitzvah) or “daughters
of the commandment” (bat mitzvah). Torah pointers are a popular gift on these
special occasions.
“Once five years old one
should study scripture; ten years, the Mishna; at thirteen one should practice
the Commandments.” Pirke awod 5,24
On Friday evening, the
beginning of the weekly day of rest, the Shabbat, is celebrated with the
kiddush (“sanctification”), the blessing of the wine and bread. On Saturdays,
the week’s reading from the Torah is heard. The day of rest is formally
concluded on Saturday evenings with the Havdalah ceremony, during which the
blessing is said over the wine, the candle, and fragrant spics. In this way,
the difference between the sacred day of rest and the secular days of the week
is clearly made.
“Blessed are you, Lord,
our God, sovereign of the universe who separates between sacred and secular.”
Conclusion of the Havdalah blessing
On the glass shelf, more
Judaicas were shown and they were grouped by the occasions of their use. From
left to right, the first group is “Synagogue”. Judaicas in this group include a
Torah Scroll with Torah Mantle, a Torah Crown, 2 Torah Finials, 2 Torah
Pointers, and a Torah Shield.
The synagogue is at the
center of a congregation’s activities, and is where the community gathers for
daily prayers and worship services. Three times a week, a passage is read from
the Torah (“teaching”), which comprises the Five Books of Moses transcribed
onto a parchment scroll.
The veneration of the
Torah is expressed by means of ritual objects. Silver crowns and decorative
ornaments symbolize the exceptional importance of its teachings. Many such
objects bear inscriptions in memory of the donor or a deceased relative.
#1 Torah Scroll (Sefer
Torah) with Torah Mantle (Meil)
Central Europe, c. 1900
Parchment, wood, velvet
Gift of Harry Beyer,
Munich, #892
Small Torah scrolls are
mostly used for study or when traveling. This Torah mantle, used to provide
protection, bears the date (5)662 (the equivalent in the Jewish calendar to
1902).
#2 Torah Crown (Keter
Torah)
Frankfurt/M., c. 1900
Manufactured by the
Lazarus Posen Witwe company
Silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 132
The Torah crown has a
dedication inscribed underneath, which shows it to be a gift of a certain
Simon, sone of Nathan, “from the country America” to the synagogue in his home
town Oberlauringen in Lower Franconia, in 1901.
#3 Torah Finials (Rimmonim)
Amsterdam, 1693 or 1717
Master
craftsman: Pieter van Hoven (1658-1735)
Silver, partly gilded
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 170a+b
The rimmonim affixed to
the poles of a Torah scroll serve as decoration for the Torah. These especially
small Torah finials had been used since the late seventeenth century in the
Portuguese Sephardic community in Amsterdam.
#4 Torah Finials (Rimmonim)
Prague, 1972-1922
Silver, partly gilded
Manufactured by Alfred
Pollak
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 170a+b
After the right of
settlement became accepted for Jews throughout central Europe in the last third
of the nineteenth century, many new synagogues were built. This also resulted
in a considerable demand for ritual objects, most of which were mass produced.
#5 Torah Pointer (Yad)
Eastern Europe, c. 1890
Silver
Gift of Harry Beyer,
Munich, # B6
This Torah pointer with
the Hebrew inscription “Ephraim Geiger in the year (5)654” (1894) was possibly
a gift on the occasion of the owner’s Bar mitzvah.
#6 Torah Pointer (Yad)
C. 1900
Silver
Gift of Harry Beyer,
Munich, # B11
Since the writing on a
Torah is not to be touched, those reading the Torah to the congregation use a
pointer so as not to lose their place.
#7 Torah Shield (Tass)
Menden (Westphalia),
1830
Master craftsman: W.
Tuschhoff
Silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 45
Torah shields do more
than just decorate Torah scrolls. Little plaques with he name of religious
holidays indicate the day for which a Torah scroll has been prepared. This
silver plaque bears the inscription “Sukkot.” It suggests that this shield was
made for a Torah scroll from which readings would be taken during the Festival
of Booths.
The second group is “High
Holidays”. Judaicas include a ram’s horn, a belt buckle for the Day of
Atonement, and a book of Israelite Prayers.
Rosh Hashanah (New Year)
and Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement) are the two most important religious
festivals in the Jewish calendar. Rosh Hashanah in September/ October does not
just mark the beginning of a new year, but us also a dayu of judgement, on
which the names of the just are added to the “Book of Life,” and the names of
sinners to the “book of Beath.” Yom Kippur, nine days after New Year, is spent
in the synagogue, where prayers are said to ask for forgiveness for one’s sins.
#1 Ram’s Horn (Shofar)
19th century
Horn
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 289
A shofar is made from
the horn of a ritually sacrificed ram. During worship on New Year’s Day and on
the Day of Atonement simple melodies are blown on the instrument according to a
strictly prescribed sequence of notes.
#2 Belt Buckle for the Day
of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
19th century
Silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 149
On the Day of Atonement
a white robe, as used to clothe the deceased, is worn in the synagogue as a
sign of penance and reflection. The garment is held in place by a belt, whose
buckle is ofter decorated with depictions related to the religious festival.
#3 Israelite Prayers
(Tefilat Israel)
Everyday prayers given
by the Israelites with an introduction and notes published by Dr. Alexander
Beer. Funded by Mr. Israel Hirsch Pappenheimer, Administrator of the Israelite
Congregation, Munich 1827.
Jewish Museum Munich, #
JM 5/06
This prayer book was produced
for the opening of the synagogue on Westenriederstrasse. The book is opened to
the page with “Prayers for the Day of Atonement,” on which the congregation
fasts and prays all day in the synagogue.
The third group is “Phases of
Life”. Judaicas in this group include a circumcision knife, a ritual pitcher, soil
from the Mount of Olives of Jerusalem, phylacteries, a plate. The plate is not
for ritual use but a wedding gift.
The celebration of
transitional rites when entering different phases of life are a part of
religious tradition. Upon circumcision eight days after birth, a boy enters
into God’s covenant with Abraham. The bar mitzvah (for boys) or the bat mitzvah
(for girls) completes an adolescent’s entry into religious adulthood. Mourning
and death are accompanied by the hope of a physical resurrection after the
coming of the Messiah.
#1 Circumcision Knife
19th century
Steel, semi-precious
stone, silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 182
The ritual circumcision
on the eighth day after birth is based on a commandment in the First Book of
Moses, 17:11: “And you shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin; and
it shall be a token of a covenant between Me and you.”
#2 Ritual Pitcher
Eastern Europe, 19th
century
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 111
Before prayers and
following a visit to a cemetery, hands are washed according to a set ritual,
where water is poured over one’s hands several times.
#3 Soil from the Mount of
Olives, Jerusalem
Jerusalem, c. 1955
Printed cotton, soil
Jewish Museum Munich, #
JM 3/2010
According to the
tradition, the resurrection of the flesh at the end of time will begin on the
Mount of Olives. Those buried there will be the first to rise again. To be part
of this, a small bag of soil from the Mount of Olives is sometimes placed in
the tomb of those buried there.
#4 Phylacteries (Tefillin)
19th/ 20th
century
Leather, parchment
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z”l, # JS 54a+b
Inside the boxes are
parchment strip with the prayer Shma Israel. At the end of this prayer is the
command: "And you shall bind them for a sign upon your hand."
#5 Plate
Munich,
c. 1924
Mark:
HS/M (= Heinrich Schwed / Munich)
Brass, etched
Jewish Museum Munich, #
JM 1/2009
This plate made by a
Munich craftsman does not fulfill any ritual function at religious festivals,
being given instead as a present at a wedding when the bridal couple are wished
"Mazal tow" ("Good luck!").
The fourth group is “Shabbat”.
There is a Shabbat Lamp, 3 Kiddush Cups, a Wine Carafe, 3 Besamim Towers, a
Besamim Container, and a Havdalah Plate.
The weekly Shabbat,
religious holidays during the Jewish calendar, and the transition from one
phase of life into another are fixed points in the Jewish year.
The day of rest as
written in the Torah begins on Friday evening with the lighting of the Sabbath
candle and the blessing of the bread and wine. Rest must be strictly observed
until the evening of the following day. The Shabbat is reserved for worship,
study or relaxation.
#1 Shabbat Lamp
Probably Nuremberg, 18th
century
Brass
Jewish Museum Munich, #
JM 1/03
(Gift of Richard Grimm,
Munich)
Since the observance of
rest on the Shabbat (Sabbath) forbids igniting any source of light, lamps were
developed that had large enough oil containers so as to guarantee a continually
burning light.
#2 Kiddush Cup
By Piet Cohen (b.
Amsterdam 1936)
The Netherlands, 2003
Brass, Stainless Steel
Jewish Museum Munich, #
JM 12/2007
(Gift of the Jewish
Historical Museum, Amsterdam)
The blessing at the
beginning of the Shabbat is given over wine in a kiddush cup. The
inscription, which is mirrored on the plate when the cup is raised, reads: “In
your gracious love grant that we keep your holy Shabbat as a heritage.”
#3 Kiddush Cup
Germany, 18th
century
Silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 119
This cup was made in the
shape of the octagonal kiddush cups produced in large quantities in the
eighteenth century in Augsburg and Nuremberg.
#4 Wine Carafe
Bohemia, c. 1925
Glass
Jewish Museum Munich, #
4/2006
(Gift of Albert M.
Schaler, Bristol RI, in memory of his parents Elisabeth and Dr. Josef Schäler)
The wine carafe was used
on the Shabbat by the Schälers, a Munich family, for the kiddush wine.
While the two Schäler children escaped to England, their parents were deported
to Auschwitz 1943 and murdered.
#5 Kiddush Cup
Munich, c. 1925
Manufactured by Wetzlar,
Silver
Jewish Museum Munich, #
3/2006
(Gift of Albert M.
Schaler, Bristol RI, in memory of his parents Elisabeth and Dr. Josef Schäler)
This kiddush cup
was acquired by the donor's mother in the 1920s. It was manufactured by the
"Kunstgewerbliche Werkstätte М.Т. Wetzlar", which was
"aryanized" in November 1938.
#6 Besamim Tower
Germany, late 18th
century
Master craftsman's
initials: FK or PK
Silver
Gift of Harry Beyer,
Munich, # B22
Besamim boxes are used
for spices blessed at the end of the Shabbat
#7 Besamim Tower
Germany, late 19th
century
Manufacturer's initial:
W
Filigree silverwork
Gift of Harry Beyer,
Munich, # B29
Such towers made of
filigree silverwork were manufactured in large quantities from the end of the
nineteenth century onward in metalware factories, such as those in Hanau or
Berlin.
#8 Besamim Tower
Brno, 1860-66
Master craftsman's
initials: EE
Filigree silverwork
Gift of Harry Beyer,
Munich, # B33
This style, which was
commonly found in the nineteenth century, was largely produced by goldsmiths in
the southern Moravian city of Brno. The as yet unidentified master craftsman
"EE" was one of the most prolific manufacturers.
#9 Besamim Container
Germany, 1st half of the
19th century
Pewter
Jewish
Museum Munich, # JM 28/2007
(Gift of Peter H.
Sinclair-Siegel z"l)
Such pewter containers
were also used for other things not connected with Jewish rituals such as for
keeping valuable spices. However, the Siegel family, that settled in Munich in
the nineteenth century, used this container exclusively for the Havdalah
ceremony.
#10 Havdalah
Plate
Munich,
c. 1924
Mark:
HS/M (= Heinrich Schwed / Munich)
Brass, etched
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 39
The plate, over which
wine is poured to extinguish the Havdalah candle at the end of Shabbat, bears
the traditional wish said after the ceremony: "Gut' Woch'- Gut'Jahr"
and Psalm 19:8: "The commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the
eyes."
The next group is “Historical
Holidays”. This group includes an Esther Scroll, a Purim Plate, and 2 Hanukkah
Lamps.
Hanukkah and Purim are
the only two holidays in the Jewish calendar that are not written in the Torah,
but commemorate events in Jewish history. Hanukkah marks the rededication of
the Temple after the successful revolt of the Maccabees in 164 B.C.E., while
Purim commemorates the deliverance of Persian Jews from extermination.
#1 Esther Scroll (Megillat
Esther)
Eastern Europe, 1st
half of the 19th century
Silver, filigree
silverwork, parchment
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 220
The Esther Scroll
contains the Book of Esther which tells of the rescue of Persian Jews. Richly
decorated silver covers were often made for private households.
#4 Hanukkah Lamp
By Rachel Kohn (b. Prague 1962)
Munich, c. 1990
Ceramic
Jewish Museum Munich, # JM 54/2003
(Gift of Richard Grimm)
This lamp, created by the sculptor Rachel Kohn who studied in Munich, symbolises a wall that is taken down piece by piece during the Hanukkah festival to commemorate the rededication of the Holy Temple at the time of the Maccabean.
#2 Purim Plate
Germany, 18th
century
Pewter, engraved
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 180
During the Purim
festival, small gifts (called shalach manos, from the Hebrew mishloach
manot, literally meaning "send a portion") are given to friends
on plates such as this one, which has a depiction of Mordechai.
#3 Hanukkah Lamp
Germany, 1st third
of the 20th century
Silver, partly gilded
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 86
Lamps in this shape are
also reminiscent of the seven-armed temple lamps (menorot), but have eight
arms. The ninth movable light, the shamash ("servant") is used to
light the eight Hanukkah candles.
The sixth group is “Pilgrim
Festivals”. It includes an Etrog Container, 2 Seder Plates, and a Charoset
Container.
Pesach, Shavuot, and
Sukkot are the three pilgrim festivals (Shloshet Ha'Regalim), as written in the
Torah, which the Israelites made to Jerusalem before the destruction of the
Second Temple in the year 70 C.E. The Pesach (Passover) commemorates the exodus
from Egypt and the end of slavery; Shavuot (Pentecost), the Feast of Weeks,
commemorates the revelation of the Torah on Mount Sinai, and Sukkot, the
Festival of Booths, commemorates the forty years wandering in the desert, when
the Israelites lived in huts made of branches.
#1 Etrog Container
Germany, 1st third
of the 20th century
Silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 276
Together with the lulav,
a palm tree frond, the etrog fruit is a reminder, during the Festival of
Booths, of the harvest thanksgiving celebration in the Temple. This container,
in which an etrog would have been kept, is made in the shape of the citrus
fruit.
#2 Seder Plate
Germany, 18th
century
Pewter, engraved
Jewish Museum Munich, #
JM 8/2007
The ritual food eaten in
the course of the seder festival during Pesach (Passover) is placed on a seder
plate. Instructions on the sequence of the seder ritual (seder = order or
arrangement) are written around this plate.
#3 Charoset Container
C. 1900
Silver
On permanent loan from
Mali Gitbud, Munich, in loving memory of Josef Samel z"l, # JS 109
Charoset is a paste made
of apples, nuts, cinnamon, and wine and, as a ritual food for the seder
festival, it recalls the mortar with which the Israelites bonded bricks during
slavery in Egypt. For this reason, charoset containers are sometimes made in
the shape of a wheelbarrow.
The last group is “Modern
Holidays”. This group includes an Israel Flag, a Yahrzeit Candle, and a Yad
Vashem Candelabrum.
Following the founding
of the State of Israel in 1948, three secular holidays were introduced, which
like Hanukkah and Purim, recall both happy and sad events in Jewish history.
Yom Ha'atzma'ut,
Independence Day in Israel, recalls the proclamation of the State of Israel by
David Ben-Gurion on May 14, 1948.
On Yom Ha'zikaron, the
soldiers who lost their lives in active service are remembered.
Yom Ha'shoah is the day
of remembrance for the murder of six million Jews during the Shoah.
#1 Israeli Flag
Israel, 2006
Plastic
Yom Haatzma'ut,
Independence Day in Israel, is a day of celebration when countless Israelis
hang flags out of their apartment or car windows.
#2 Yahrzeit Candle
Israel, 2006
White metal, paper, wax
On Yom Ha'zikaron, the
day of remembrance for the fallen, candles are lit for the dead. Public life in
Israel comes to a complete standstill twice during the day when a two-minute
silence is observed.
#3 Yad Vashem Candelabrum
Israel, c. 1985
Design: Zohara Schatz
(1916-99)
Brass
On loan from the Jewish
Museum of Franconia in Fürth
This candelabrum is a
miniature reproduction of a six-armed light sculpture, which the artist Zohara
Schatz designed in 1985 for an outdoor site at the Yad Vashem memorial complex
in Jerusalem. The six lights are only lit once a year, on Yom Ha'shoah
Apart from the “Rituals”
section, some exhibits in the main hall are also related to Jewish culture.
Poster stampsOne
of the exhibits is these “Poster Stamps of Jewish business in Munich”. They are
small pieces of paper in the size of postage stamps, printed for advertisement
purpose. They are usually colourful and are affixed on letters alongside with
normal postage stamps. Their messages were then carried to all corners of the
land basically at no extra cost. Poster stamps were popular from 1900 to 1914
but their usage rapidly declined by the beginning of the 1920s.
Aliyah board game
Another interesting exhibit is
“Aliyah board game”. “In Zionist discourse Aliya is the common term for
immigration to Palestine and is still frequently used in Israel today. The goal
of the board game was to help children and young adults explore the theme of aliyah
in a playful way. The game was produced for the Berlin organization Keren
Kayemeth LeIsrael by the printing firm Siegfried Sholem in Berlin.”
Jewish boys playing Aliyah
Feel free to create your own Aliyah board gameA 1935
photo shows two students from the Theodor Herzl School playing the Alijah Board
Game. The boys survived their circumcisions, but I am not sure if they could
survive the holocaust. Feel free to print out the board and play.
A real Torah scroll
Meil, or Torah Cover, is used to
wrap around to protect the scrolls of the Torah, the five books of Moses that
are written on parchment. A real Torah cover is displayed in the permanent
exhibition. It was made in the year 1887 in Munich. The Hebrew inscription
reads: Crown of the Torah gift of the wife, Jerta, to the eternal memory of
her husband, the honorable gentleman and scholar Bernhard Zollfrey, may he rest
in the Garden of Eden Munich 647 (1887).
Dr. Simon Snopkowski's wall cupboard
Memorabilia inside his wall cupboardAmong the exhibits, there is
also a wall cupboard by Dr. Simon Snopkowski (1925-2001). Before the inception
of the Jewish museum, Simon had started preserving memorabilia inside his wall
cupboard in his home in the Munich borough of Bogenhausen. His collection dates
from the time when he was persecuted as a Jew, and from the postwar period.
Items collected include books, letters, documents, publications, and photos.
Munich may not be a nearby city to
your home. I have extracted most of the cultural parts from the museum and have
showed them in my blog. I hope you will like the information I have shown here.
